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# RIRCA

Reproductive Immunology Research Consortium in Africa

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://rirca.science/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Pages

- [Reproductive Immunology Research Consortium in Africa](https://rirca.science/) - Through immunology research and collaboration, RIRCA aims to improve outcomes for infants born to mothers with HIV, CMV, and other infectious diseases
- [Gallery](https://rirca.science/gallery/) - Photos from our Events and Presentations RIRCA Sign! Created by BRAINS student Raymondo Pironio TOSSOUOlayinka Asafa, VALIDATE Conference in Cartagena, Colombia, June 2026RIRCA at FMHS Postgraduate Open Day on 13 JuneNicole Prins, ESPID 2026, May 2026Dr Doty Ojwach, Bon Holtak and Portia Manngo, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences 70th Anniversary Staff CelebrationDr Clive Gray
- [Publications](https://rirca.science/publications/) - We have published since 2018 2026 Doty Ojwach, Fernando Martinez Estrada, Clive Gray. Hofbauer Macrophages and FXIIIA1 Expression: Immunoregulatory, Angiogenic, and Clinical Implications in Pregnancy. Biomedical Journal (2026). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2026.100986. Read Paper Gray, Clive Maurice, Holtak, Bonamy. Global immunology education: 20 years of Immunopaedia. Nature Review Immunology (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-026-01282-6 Read Paper 2025 Sintim-Aboagye E, Quach HQ, Sherman
- [Contact Us](https://rirca.science/contact/) - GET IN TOUCH The Reproductive Immunology Research Consortium in Africa (RIRCA) team would love to hear from you. Our Address BMRI, Francie Van Zijl Dr, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505 Working Hours Mon to Fri: 8:30am to 4:30pm Email Address rirca@sun.ac.za
- [Awards](https://rirca.science/awards/) - Professor Clive Gray Awards and Grants Clive Gray Profile SAMRC Award Award Dates Project Title South African Medical Research Council Gold Award 20 Feb 2025 The Gold award category recognition is given to accomplished senior scientists who have made seminal contributions that have had a profound impact, particularly to those residing in developing nations. Stellenbosch
- [Training](https://rirca.science/training/) - We Train Scientists of the Future TIGRIS NexT generatIon traininG in HIV Research: Immunity in the First 1000 days in mother-infant dyadS RIRCA is a training hub for immunologists in infectious diseases and especially HIV, but also other disease burden facing child-bearing people. Through our NIH/Fogerty D43 programme: “Next Generation Training in HIV Research: Immunity
- [IUIS 2025](https://rirca.science/events/iuis-2025/) - 19th International Congress of Immunology Vienna, Austria17–22 August 2025 Brandon Paarwater – TIGRIS Awardee and RIRCA PhD Candidate The IUIS brings together immunologists from all over the world, showcasing all the various niches of Immunology, whether it’s inflammation, neuroimmunology, autoimmunity, cancer or tissue immunology. Here, the global immunology community unites not only to share knowledge
- [Nicole Prins](https://rirca.science/events/iuis-2025/nicole-prins-iuis-2025/) - Nicole Prins - TIGRIS Awardee and RIRCA Scientific Officer and MSc Student The 19th International Congress of Immunology (IUIS2025), held in Vienna, Austria (17–22 August 2025), carried the theme: “Waltzing into the Future of Immunology: For a Better Health.” The congress highlighted how basic and translational immunology is shaping solutions for global health challenges—ranging from
- [Brandon Paarwater - IUIS 2025](https://rirca.science/events/iuis-2025/brandon-paarwater-iuis-2025/) - Brandon Paarwater - TIGRIS Awardee and RIRCA PhD Candidate Introduction The IUIS brings together immunologists from all over the world, showcasing all the various niches of Immunology, whether it's inflammation, neuroimmunology, autoimmunity, cancer or tissue immunology. Here, the global immunology community unites not only to share knowledge and the latest key findings, but also to
- [Events](https://rirca.science/events/) - OUR GALLERY Check out RIRCA photos over the years VIEW FULL GALLERY Past Events 19th International Congress of Immunology (IUIS 2025), Vienna, Austria What an honour to have participated in the 19th International Congress of Immunology (IUIS2025) in Vienna, where science met collaboration, and our team’s work resonated across continents. We are incredibly proud of
- [Collaborators](https://rirca.science/collaborators/) - Collaborations and Capacity Enhancement The Reproductive Immunology Research Consortium in Africa has its roots in decades of immunology research and teaching expertise. We are resolute in our commitment to building capacity and nurturing scientists specializing in the immunology of infectious diseases, with a particular emphasis on maternal HIV/ART and pregnancy outcomes in South Africa. Our
- [Privacy Policy](https://rirca.science/privacy-policy/) - Who we are Our website address is: http://rirca.science. Comments When visitors leave comments on the site we collect the data shown in the comments form, and also the visitor’s IP address and browser user agent string to help spam detection. An anonymized string created from your email address (also called a hash) may be provided
- [Funders](https://rirca.science/funders/) - Explore our Funders NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH) The National Institutes of Health FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER NIH Fogarty International Center NIH EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (NICHD) The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development AFRICAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (AAS) The African Academy of Sciences
- [Research](https://rirca.science/research-projects/) - Research Focus RIRCA is situated in the Biomedical Research Institute on the Tygerberg campus of Stellenbosch University (SU) and was conceived as a hub for hypothesis-driven research and training in immunology thinking and an array of techniques. Situated in an environment grappling with a significant disease burden of HIV, our research primarily centres on the
- [About Us](https://rirca.science/about-us/) - We Are RIRCA The Reproductive Immunology Research Consortium in Africa (RIRCA) was formed in 2021, drawing upon Professor Clive Gray’s three decades of dedicated research into HIV immunology. RIRCA is a collaborative assembly of scientists and clinicians united in their investigation of immunological factors contributing to adverse birth and perinatal outcomes, particularly among infants born
- [Team](https://rirca.science/the-team/) - Principal Investigators Clinical Lecturer Helen Payne ResearchGate Professor of Immunology Clive Gray LinkedIn ResearchGate Google Scholar Senior Scientist Doty Ojwach LinkedIn ResearchGate Google Scholar Post-doctoral Fellows Post-Doctoral Fellow Carine Kunsevi-Kilola LinkedIn ResearchGate Google Scholar Postdoctoral Fellow Tariq Webber LinkedIn Post-graduate / Graduate Students PhD Candidate Brandon Antony Paarwater PhD Candidate Lesedi Dikhoba LinkedIn PhD Candidate

## Research

- [CHERI Study](https://rirca.science/research/cheri/) - CMV and HIV-Exposure in pRemature and very low birthweight Infants Congenital and postnatal cytomegalovirus (cCMV, pCMV) affects 3% and 21% of term South African infants, and is likely to be higher in premature infants who have developing immune systems that may be unable to adequately control CMV. In addition, HIV-exposure is recognised to result in
- [MARVAL Study](https://rirca.science/research/marval-study/) - The iMpact of AntiRetroViral drugs on placental vAscular deveLopment This South African MRC and UKRI funded study will explore the link between the use of ART and increased risks of adverse birth outcomes, including pre-term birth delivery for the mother (PTD)/Pre-term birth for the child (PTB) and low birth-weight which significantly contributes to neurodevelopmental and
- [HAPDY Study](https://rirca.science/research/hapdy/) - HIV antiretrovirals and placenta dysfunction – identifying the mechanisms leading to poor foetal growth This Canadian Institutes of Health Research funded study is investigating the impact of differing ART regimens on the placenta. This is a collaboration between RIRCA and the University of Toronto. ARVs have been associated with increased risk for adverse birth outcomes
- [Melabo Study](https://rirca.science/research/melabo/) - Mechanisms Leading to Adverse Birth Outcomes in South African HIV-Infected Women This NIH/NICHD funded research on placental pathology is essential for understanding how various abnormalities contribute to pregnancy complications and foetal health outcomes, particularly in the era of Universal Treatment options, where lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) is widely used for all pregnant individuals living with
- [DAPHNE Study](https://rirca.science/research/daphne-study/) - Developing A Predictor of adverse birtH outcomes and materNal cardiovascular hEalth Clive Gray was awarded the Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award for this project, which aims to develop a simple blood test during pregnancy to predict premature birth and elevated cardiovascular risk in the mother post-delivery. It is a highly collaborative effort between South African and
- [SAPARI Study](https://rirca.science/research/sapari/) - South African Placental and Reproductive Investigation The South African Placental and Reproductive Investigation (SAPARI) is a research project focused on investigating the mechanisms underlying pre-eclampsia, foetal growth restriction (FGR), and the relationships between these conditions and early-onset pre-eclampsia (eoPE). It also involves comparing these conditions with preterm (PT) controls to better understand placental and reproductive
- [Trophoblast Study](https://rirca.science/research/trophoblast/) - Mechanisms by which trophoblasts recruit T cells to the placental villi during maternal HIV and CMV co-infection This NIH/NICHD funded study is examining the role of trophoblasts and CMV infection. Several studies suggest that during pregnancy complicated by maternal HIV infection, exposure to pathogens induces placental immune activation, which may alter placental signalling and affect

## Team

- [Franklin Erasmus](https://rirca.science/team/franklin-erasmus/) - EXPERIENCE Since 2018, Franklin has actively contributed to various research initiatives, assuming a crucial role in ensuring the secure transportation of staff and clinical trial specimens to and from diverse clinical sites. Beyond the professional realm, Frankline’s interests include indulging in soccer games, savouring the outdoors, hosting braais, and cherishing quality family time. INTERVIEWS INTRODUCTION
- [Levanco Asia](https://rirca.science/team/levanco-asia/) - PERSONAL EXPERIENCE Levanco Asia completed his BHSc in Physiology and Biochemistry, BSc Honours in Biochemistry, and MSc in Biochemistry at North-West University, South Africa. His academic history has revolved around metabolomics. His current research focuses on understanding how HIV viral proteins and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may play a role in metabolic dysfunction in South African
- [Sadia TINA](https://rirca.science/team/sadia-tina/) - PERSONAL EXPERIENCE Sadia Tina is originally from Mali and is a BRAINS scholarship awardee. He is a PhD candidate in Pharmacology, developing advanced skills in pharmaceutical research and the analysis of bioactive compounds. At RIRCA, Sadia’s work focuses on investigating the biological potential of medicinal plant extracts from Morocco and his home country, Mali, through
- [Olayinka Asafa](https://rirca.science/team/olayinka-asafa/) - PERSONAL EXPERIENCE Olayinka Asafa is a PhD candidate from Nigeria, studying at RIRCA through the BRAINS Scholarship. He’s fascinated by one simple question: how does a mother’s immune system give a baby the best possible start in life? Breast milk is more than nutrition. It’s a living biological system, packed with antibodies, immune cells, and
- [Amy Parnell](https://rirca.science/team/amy-parnell/) - PERSONAL EXPERIENCE Amy Parnell is a PhD student registered at Imperial College London and an Honorary Research Fellow at Stellenbosch University. She graduated with First Class Honours in Biomedical Science from the University of Warwick. During her placement year in paediatric HIV medical affairs, Amy co-authored a review on health disparities in HIV-exposed uninfected children.
- [Portia Manngo](https://rirca.science/team/portia-manngo/) - EXPERIENCE Portia Manngo is a dedicated researcher with extensive experience in laboratory management, specimen processing, and immunological techniques. Her expertise includes curation of placental tissue, flow cytometry, microscopic techniques, and Luminex experiments. She is skilled in managing research logistics, including quality control, shipment coordination, panel discussions and ensuring accurate and reproducible results. With a strong
- [Carine Kunsevi-Kilola](https://rirca.science/team/carine-kunsevi-kilola/) - EXPERIENCE Dr Carine Kunsevi-Kilola holds a Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from Stellenbosch University, where her research explored the intricate connection between Tuberculosis (TB) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), particularly examining the factors influencing T2D individuals in progressing to active TB. Since joining RIRCA, Carine has directed her expertise towards understanding the mechanism affecting pregnant women
- [Berenice Alinde](https://rirca.science/team/berenice-alinde/) - EXPERIENCE Berenice plays a pivotal role in our organization, focusing on the effective management of a diverse array of research projects within our group. She serves as the central point of coordination and supervision, bridging the gap between administration, clinical activities, and laboratory operations. With a remarkable 15-year journey in the biomedical sciences field, she
- [Helen Payne](https://rirca.science/team/helen-payne/) - EXPERIENCE Dr Helen Payne is a Senior Clinical Lecturer at Imperial College London, dividing her time between research, teaching and working clinically as a consultant in Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology at Bristol Royal Hospital for Children. Helen Payne Profile | Imperial College London She is also an honorary Research Fellow at Stellenbosch University. Dr
- [Brandon Antony Paarwater](https://rirca.science/team/brandon-antony-paarwater/) - EXPERIENCE In 2022, Brandon enthusiastically joined the RIRCA lab, fueled by a deep passion for exploring immune tolerance in the context of inflammation, infection, and reproductive immunology. One of RIRCA’s research niche is maternal-foetal interface immunobiology, utilizing the placenta to study localized immune responses. Brandon’s project revolves around a captivating investigation of T cells within
- [Fuad Waja](https://rirca.science/team/fuad-waja/) - EXPERIENCE Fuad assumes a crucial position within RIRCA, overseeing the data management and storage of all biological specimens received from our laboratories. As the Biorepository Database Coordinator, Fuad meticulously follows GCLP and IATA guidelines, ensuring the safe transportation and handling of our valuable samples. In his free time, Fuad is an avid enthusiast of the
- [Doty Ojwach](https://rirca.science/team/doty-ojwach/) - EXPERIENCE Dr Doty Ojwach earned her Doctorate in Virology from the University of KwaZulu-Natal at the HIV Pathogenesis program. In her current role at RIRCA, Doty leverages her profound scientific knowledge and a deep understanding of the intricate relationship between HIV replication and HIV immunity. Her primary focus is on investigating the consequences of maternal
- [Nicole Prins](https://rirca.science/team/nicole-prins/) - EXPERIENCE Nicole earned her BSc in Human Life Science from Stellenbosch University. She plays a crucial role in processing research specimens according to SOP and GCLP guidelines. In addition to her responsibilities, she takes on the role of training new staff and students, as well as managing stock orders for the diverse research projects at
- [Tariq Webber](https://rirca.science/team/tariq-webber/) - EXPERIENCE The interactions between the immune system and endocrine system are intricate. While we know that disruptions in hormones can influence the immune response, this area is understudied and crucial to understand. Tariq’s research homes in on the role of hormones in the immune response to infectious disease. He is particularly interested in metabolic hormones
- [Gertrude Van Rensburg](https://rirca.science/team/gertrude-van-rensburg/) - PERSONAL EXPERIENCE I am a research nurse and I have been involved in the Trophoblast and CHERI study since August 2024. I recruit premature infants with a birth weight of less than 1.5kg and less than 14 days old at Tygerberg Hospital. I take consent from the parents after informing them about the study; that
- [Clive Gray](https://rirca.science/team/clive-gray/) - EXPERIENCE Clive Gray is Professor of Immunology at Stellenbosch University and is group leader of RIRCA. He has published over 140 papers on various aspects of human immunology and with a focus on HIV and reproductive immunology. His research focuses on the inflammatory mechanisms involved in precipitating pre-term birth and adverse birth outcomes by investigating
- [Bon Holtak](https://rirca.science/team/bon-holtak/) - EXPERIENCE Bonamy (Bon) Holtak is a seasoned communication professional with a strong background in strategic communication. Currently serving as a Senior Communication Officer. Her role involves creating content, digital marketing strategies, and managing social media channels to increase online engagement. Bon also works on other related projects such as Immunopaedia Foundation NPC, TIGRIS, the Ukukhanya
- [Lesedi Dikhoba](https://rirca.science/team/lesedi-dikhoba/) - EXPERIENCE Inflammation and T cell immunity in placentae of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected South African women. Lesedi is exploring the dynamics of inflammation and T cell immunity in the placentae of South African women, both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected. Beyond her scientific pursuits, she finds joy in cooking, modelling, and photography. AWARDS Award Name Dates Awarding Body
- [Asanda Ntlahla](https://rirca.science/team/asanda-ntlahla/) - EXPERIENCE Asanda is a Research Assistant at RIRCA, where we specialize in projects focused on reproductive health. He has a keen eye for detail and plays a crucial role in organizing, cleaning, and analysing complex datasets to support research on the intersection of immunology and reproductive health for various ongoing projects. Asanda works closely with
- [Michael Mndini](https://rirca.science/team/michael-mndini/) - EXPERIENCE Michael is a certified professional nurse, having earned a Comprehensive Diploma in Nursing Science from the University of Transkei. With a robust background spanning 26 years in clinical research projects, Michael brings extensive experience to the table. His professional journey led him overseas to the UK, where within 12 years, he progressed from a
- [Bokamoso Molamu](https://rirca.science/team/bokamoso-molamu/) - EXPERIENCE I hold a BSc Honours in Microbiology and I am a certified Laboratory Assistant (Clinical Pathology/Media) registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). I have a strong passion for clinical research, driven by my keen interest in understanding the complexities of diseases and their impact on human health.

## Research Categories

- [MELABO](https://rirca.science/research-category/melabo/)
- [SAPARI](https://rirca.science/research-category/sapari/)
- [TROPHOBLAST](https://rirca.science/research-category/trophoblast/)
- [HAPDY](https://rirca.science/research-category/hapdy/)
- [CHERI](https://rirca.science/research-category/cheri/)
- [DAPHNE](https://rirca.science/research-category/daphne/)
- [MARVAL](https://rirca.science/research-category/marval/)

## Team Group

- [SAPARI](https://rirca.science/team-group/sapari/)
- [TROPHOBLAST](https://rirca.science/team-group/trophoblast/)
- [MELABO](https://rirca.science/team-group/melabo/)
- [HAPDY](https://rirca.science/team-group/hapdy/)
- [CHERI](https://rirca.science/team-group/cheri/)
- [ALUMNI](https://rirca.science/team-group/alumni/)
- [Current](https://rirca.science/team-group/current/)
- [Principal Investigators](https://rirca.science/team-group/pis/)
- [Post-doctoral Fellow](https://rirca.science/team-group/post-doc-fellow/)
- [Post Graduate / Graduate Students](https://rirca.science/team-group/students/)
- [Research Staff](https://rirca.science/team-group/research-staff/)
- [Support Staff](https://rirca.science/team-group/support-staff/)
- [DAPHNE](https://rirca.science/team-group/daphne/)
- [MARVAL](https://rirca.science/team-group/marval/)